Pros And Cons Of Private Prisons - 1625 Words

The United States has had a long and controversial history when it comes to the U.S prison system. Holding only approximately 5% of the global population; U.S prisoners account for almost 25% of the worlds prisoners, having even more than China; a nation with almost a billion more citizens than the U.S (PrisonStudies.org) Even when considering these alarming statistics, discussing the method of caring for, feeding, and rehabilitating prisoners in the U.S is often avoided as many United States citizens are uninformed on the subject. Perhaps because of this lack on information; certain states have begun handing over the responsibilities of running U.S prisons to private companies. These privately owned prisons are run by corporations; and†¦show more content†¦According to Brett Burkhardt, a professor at Oregon State University, private prisons have been under scrutiny since their inception. Citing many arguments made by other publications to the previously mentioned failings o f private prisons, Burkhardt sheds light on the possible source of these failings; private prisons have little incentive to provide adequate facilities. In a quote from a Tennessee Senator listed in Burkhardt’s paper, when prisons become private the top priority goals of the prison system then become high occupancy and profit, and that is wrong. When any private organization takes on a business endeavor; logically the priority for that organization will be to make a profit. Private corporations, including the ones that run private prisons, will often try to cut costs on principal of making more money. When a Fortune 500 stock broker stops replacing the coffee filters for free in their office, no ethical offence has been committed; though when a prison decides to stop providing an acceptable amount of health care to reduce costs, it’s a very serious problem. (Burkhardt) Stemming from the same problems as cutting costs, private prisons have almost no actual incentive to help prisoners have a better chance at straight life once released. The penal system exists for two main purposes. The first and obvious being to separate everyday society from the criminal element to promote public safety and order; the secondShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Modern Prisons1261 Words   |  6 Pageswithin the populous and commit crimes, without getting caught or getting severe punishments. Now, with the idea and creation of prisons, the ability to lawfully punish criminals exists. The innocent are now safe. But is modern prison truly beneficial? London, the capital of England and the United Kingdom, is known as the birthplace of modern imprisonment (â€Å"History of Prisons†). Jeremy Bentham, a philosopher that was highly against the idea of the death penalty, created a concept for a penitentiary thatRead MorePublic Facilities And Private Prisons1116 Words   |  5 Pages Prison is an institution designed to securely to house inmates who have b een convicted of crimes. The United States holds the records for having the largest inmate population residing within the walls of the correctional system. The inflation in correctional spending and the largest prison population have impelled lawmakers and the government to look toward the privatization of prisons. Privatization of prisons is the use of private sector or corporation in financing, constructing, andRead MoreShould Capital Punishment Still be Used in the American System1260 Words   |  6 Pagesorder.† Proponents of the death penalty cite numerous reasons for their argument; three specific reasons in favor of the death penalty are: 1. It provides closure for grieving families. 2. It helps minimize the problem of overpopulation in the prison system. 3. The death penalty helps deter crime. Other reasons include that the death penalty helps the economy by eliminating taxpayer dollars going to support the care for these criminals and DNA testing can now effectively eliminate most suspicionRead MoreThe Death Penalty. Courtney Ottinger. University Wisconsin-983 Words   |  4 Pagesadvocated for hard manual labor instead of the death penalty. The Quakers, at this time in history, sided with Cesare’s idea of manual labor and insisted on the abolishment of the death penalty. Sometime during 1835 New York made hangings more of a private matter. Currently, today, there is a strict control over who can be present for an execution. As a result, all states followed New York’s suite with the privacy of hangings. Through the years, public hangings slowly were being made illegal throughoutRead MoreAlternative Course Of Action :1355 Words   |  6 Pagesback to the patient. The patient is responsible for rolling the leaves in order to smoke it. i. Pros: Although the majority of patients are not comfortable with the responsibility of having to â€Å"roll† their own cannabis, the system still seems to be functioning. This option allows patients to still legally access their treatment of choice, however many patients dislike the way it is distributed. ii. Cons: As I mentioned, a great majority of patients are unhappy with the distribution as a large portionRead MoreThere Are 25 Different Types Of Prostitution1553 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who are in prostitution in jail or prison. If they just legalizing prostitution they would have some kind of control over the game, they can set and make laws, rules and make it safer like they do in brothel, escort for the street prostitution. Also, that all kind of prostitution should pay their part in Tax’s like everyone else do. It is only going to cost the Tax’s payer money by sending prositutes, customer, pimps, brothel owners to jail or prison that is a wast of money and court systemRead MoreJuvenile Detention Centers : A British System Of Punishment922 Words   |  4 Pagesoffenders across the U.S. Jails are smaller than prisons housing short term offenders or individuals waiting for trial and are run by local governments, such as cities or counties (J.F., 2014). Prison s and penitentiaries are much larger facilities that are run by the federal government and house more serious offenders for longer periods of time (J.F., 2014). Juvenile detention centers are basically prisons for individuals not old enough to be held in jail or prison (J.F., 2014). Military confinement facilitiesRead MoreArticle Critique Of Prison Privatization967 Words   |  4 Pages Article Critiques of Prison Privatization Tammy Martin Liberty University Abstract The following paper will examine two articles pertaining to prison privatization, and the reasons for advocacy for prison privatization, or for the opposition of prison privatization. Three authors write the first article examined the authors are Shaun Genter, Gregory Hooks, and Clayton Mosher. The article is entitled â€Å"Prisons, jobs and privatization: The impact of prisons on employment growth in ruralRead MoreBusiness Entrepreneurs896 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness is counter by the effectiveness of the not-for-profit of economy. However as political motives overcome economic ones, government will likely interfere with that decision. Some of the advantages of taking a company from state-owned to a private company are that it will force the company to operate efficiently without state subsidies. If you do not do so you will go out of business. You will be forced to compete with other companies and will have to reduce your costs. Some of the disadvantageRead MoreLegalizing Marigjuana in the United States766 Words   |  3 Pagesmarijuana in such a negative way that it holds people to the reputation as a loser or stoner. This skewed perception of a lazy and unmotivated marijuana users in America is the result of over seventy years of propaganda and misinformation spread by private interests who needed cannabis illegal for their own personal gains. However, as America rapidly industrialized, societies view of marijuana began to change. The truths and therapeutic benefits of marijuana slowly started to surface among the public

Freedom Movement And Freedom, Freedom And The Abolition...

December 6th 1865 was a big day for americans, seeing as that was the day slavery officially ended when the 13th amendment was ratified. There were plenty of people who contributed and fought for the abolition movement such as john adams, aaron burr, alexander hamilton, and Elijah P Lovejoy, A journalist, minister, publicist, and most importantly, someone who spoke his mind. Lovejoy saw through the views of what everyone around him was taught to believe, and was not afraid to speak out on what he felt strongly about, such as womens suffrage, labor rights, and Abolitionism. As a minister and godly man, â€Å"They saw chattel slavery as an offence in the eyes of god†. Abolition in the 1830s was just blossoming to become a bigger movement, and†¦show more content†¦After this encounter, he decided to flee to Alton, Illinois. There he ordered another printing press, which was again, destroyed by the angry mob. He tried another time to order a printing press, then had it ge t destroyed once more. On his fourth printing press, He was ready to protect it with his life. . The night of Lovejoys death, november 7th, 1837. A mob had stormed lovejoys warehouse with the intentions of destroying the printing press. Lovejoy was killed protecting it, And it was said by the alton mayor that he fired the first shot, killing a mob member before getting killed himself. After lovejoy did die, however, they still managed to destroy his printing press. You can see this as Lovejoy protecting his freedom of press. He knew what was right, he knew what was going on with the lynchings, and slavery was wrong in not only his eyes, but the eyes of god, and he was willing to risk his life to protect those beliefs. Abolitionists were living in fear at this point of time, Lovejoys death having shocked the city. There was such a shock at this time, there was no service for his death, He was buried in an unmarked grave in Alton cemetery, and even his own newspaper didn’t rele ase an obituary. It was not until 1897 that he was given a ceremony and commemoration at the Alton cemetery, after slavery had been ended, which was something he had longed for. Lovejoys death inspired manyShow MoreRelatedThe Path to Aboliton 1312 Words   |  5 Pagesto influence the participation of the abolition movement. One of the many strategies used by American abolitionists was the use of slave narratives. This moral persuasion was a very useful tactic. The creation of these narratives helped white northerners identify with the mindset of an African American slave in the south. The narratives illustrated the experiences slaves overcame to find freedom. Another major strategy that was useful to the slavery movement was the involvement of women abolitionistsRead MoreWilliam Lloyd Garrison And Fredrick Douglass1049 Words   |  5 Pagesrealize during this day and age that slavery was just a terrible historical event in the United States during the early periods and there was a movement of Abolitionism that attempted to rid the United States of slavery. Abolitionist came from several walks of life. There were hundreds of abolitionist as well but some were at the forefront of this movement. William Lloyd Garrison was the founder of the Boston Liberator, the â€Å"Liberator was a newspaper dedicated to universal and immediateRead MoreFrederick Douglass And The Fight For Women s Suffrage1357 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans their freedom, Frederick Douglass became a political activist against the institution of slavery. He combined his efforts with John Brown, an abolitionist, engaging in strong minded debates in figuring out whether the U.S Constitution was proslavery, antislavery, created for the well being of all men or only white men. Douglass gained the knowledge of political reform and how to go about movements, in his case, abolition movements, and later on assisting in women rights movements. He learnedRead MoreAmerica s Abolition Of Slavery976 Words   |  4 PagesEsteban Gonzalez Professor Dermody U.S. History November 16, 2014 America’s Abolition of Slavery â€Å"Every man has a property in his own person. This nobody has a right to but himself,†- John Locke. Those who are born into America today are farther and farther removed from a dark chapter in U.S. History. In America, the second you are born you have the unalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This wasn’t always the case. The enslaving of African American’s was a way of lifeRead MoreHenry David Thoreaus Views Of Freedom And Freedom804 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Antebellum Period (1814-1861) in the United States, there were many ideas about freedom and liberty. In the books Voices of Freedom and Liberty of Freedom, the authors explain two main ideas that originated from two groups of people: abolitionists and individualists. These groups impacted and helped shape freedom and liberty. To have a better understanding of the groups and their views on freedom and liberty, we can look at a main leader from each group. For the abol itionist group, we canRead MoreSlavery1305 Words   |  6 Pagesoften complete their tasks in the early afternoon. With the growing rate of slavery, many slaves contemplated the idea of running away to try and gain their freedom. In 1693 Florida, which at that point was still part of Spain, granted the runaways that freedom stating if the runaways would convert to Catholicism they would be granted freedom. Since South Carolina was so close to Florida many slaves ran away and took advantage of this offer. In 1708 enslaved Indians composed as much as fourteenRead MoreFrederick Douglass : African American Freedom Struggle888 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican freedom struggle during the 1860’s with the help of the abolitionist movement. Before becoming a famous spokesman Douglass was just like every other African American slave, attempting to find a way to freedom. Douglass’ runaway slave status quickly changed when abolitionist bought his freedom in hopes to strengthen the abolitionist movement. Since abolitionists were able to recognize Douglass’ intellectual abilities it made him a key aspect towards the success in the abolitionist movement, AfricanRead MoreSlave Fredrick Douglass772 Words   |  3 PagesA man of hope and undying perseverance, Frederick Douglass escapes the shackles of slavery into the safety of the North, where he achieves the ultimate dream of the southern slave: freedom. He overcomes his struggles with his identity and knowledge of his past. In h is Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, the cruelty and inhumane ways of slaveholders are depicted in their truest forms through the personal accounts of Frederick Douglass. Douglass is fearful of having to stay as a slave forRead MoreThe Rebellion Of The Vesey Uprising Of Charleston, South Carolina1379 Words   |  6 Pagessuspected when the militia had found them; for that, he was captured, tried and hung for his crimes. The Texas Slave Insurrection in 1860 was when there many fires destroyed businesses in Dallas and seven other towns in Texas. The fires were part of an abolition plot to free slaves and massacre whites. These fires led to many losses including stores, mills, businesses and over a million dollars. â€Å"Loss estimated at between $1,500,000 and $2,000,000. Since then the Abolitionists have been detected in attemptsRead MoreThe Abolition Movement Of The 1800s1547 Words   |  7 Pages The Abolition Movement in the 1800s was a controversial time for America. There were many who fought for the right to keep slaves, but there were also many who fought for the freedom of slaves. People like Fredrick Douglass Anthony Burns, and works such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin gave a sense of liberty to the people who did not understand how little they had, and how restricted they were. Many factors had key roles within this movement, each becoming important, and crucial to the abolishment of slav ery

Advancement of Computing in Education †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Advancement of Computing in Education. Answer: Introduction: The professional practice portfolio is a way to document the competency of the nursing professional and a complete illustration of work experience that has been carefully selected using the materials or documents of the nurse (McMullan et al., 2012). Further, it also provides the nursing professional with an opportunity to keep monitoring his or her professional development and periodically reviewing the personal as well as professional goals. This piece of document is not similar to the resume or curriculum vitae, but the professional portfolio provides a complete idea about the nursing professionals information, which is not present in resume or curriculum vitae (McMullan et al., 2012). For example the resume or curriculum vitae provides information about the educational details, experiences gained from other institutes however the professional portfolio provides complete evidences of competencies and expertise that the nursing professional has developed through the experiences sho wn in the resume. The nursing portfolio provides a clear idea about the skills, experiences and achievements to the peers, educational faculties or future employers. It helps to assess the ability of the nursing professionals and their attitude towards their profession and further to assess their capability to overcome adverse situations while practicing in healthcare facilities using their therapeutic and experience related interventions. Hence, portfolio should be created in a comprehensive manner so that all these information can be delivered properly. The professional practice portfolio should have a summary of nursing education, employment history and license with all the supporting documents (Hill, 2012). Further, it should have detail about the awards, appraisals, documents of promotional or recommendation letters so that the viewer of the professional portfolio can get a clear idea about the nursing professionals competencies (Hill, 2012). Furthermore future career goals, personal philosophy o f nursing, scholarly Publications and personal health records should also be mentioned in the nursing professional portfolio. Argument for the usage of professional practice portfolio The recent few decades has witnessed the increasing use of professional practice portfolios as a method of learning as well as teaching for undergraduate nursing students. According to Timmins (2012), as the adult nursing professionals need to develop self-learning competency, usage of portfolio has become one of the evident way acquire the skill mentioned. Currently, undergraduate as well as postgraduate nursing students are utilizing the portfolio as a mean to keep a track of their ongoing nursing development through summative or formative assessment. According to Sulzen and Young (2013), in Australia the usage of professional practice portfolio determines that the nurse is able to embrace the achievements he or she has got and hence testifies the overall individuality of the nursing professional. Therefore, through the arguments of the abovementioned researchers, the requirement of professional portfolio in the current nursing practice can be understood. According to McMullan et a l., (2012), a portfolio is simply a record of everything that one has done. It can be defined as a purposeful collection of the traditional and the nontraditional works representing the learning, progress and the achievement over time. It is predicted that preparation of portfolio in final year of the educational program would help the student with a prepared portfolio that could help them to develop their subsequent practice as a nurse. As said by Timmins Dunne, (2012) it can be considered as a vehicle for the organization and the distillation of the raw and the prior experiences in a manageable form of the assessment. Portfolio can contain materials from a variety of resources, which the candidate finds useful to convey his/ her qualities to others. In nursing education it is not only used to inform others but useful in the personal and the professional development. A professional portfolio can actually act as a catalyst for the growth by not only providing evidences but also lea ds to awareness of the students own strengths, skills and the limitations as well as indicating towards the developmental needs of the students itself. It helps in self-reflection and takes initiative of their own lifelong learning. Benefits and challenges of using a professional practice portfolio The reflective process would help the students to identify the gaps in the skill and the competency. Most of the self-reflection occurred via written medium. Sulzen and Young, (2013), have stated that students could actually understand their strengths and weaknesses as they are summative assessed. Chamblee et al., (2015), have pointed out that summative assessment prevents the students to write their innermost thoughts and beliefs and often become self-conscious. Problems arise when the professional portfolios are used both for the assessment and learning. Another problem related to the compilation of the professional portfolio is regarding the privacy and the confidentiality. If the candidates are not assured regarding the privacy of the content of the portfolio then it will not be considered reliable as an assessment tool as all the contents can be censored. Hence Reed, (2015) have suggested that there had been a negative correlation between the usage of portfolio as an assessment tool due to the questions on the honesty of entries. Chamblee et al., (2015) have also been criticized for the amount of time taken to prepare and asses them. Leadership and management are two different aspects to reach a similar goal. Leadership generally refers to the type of intentional influences that nurses pose on the other people for the betterment of the health care organization and to deliver safe care to the patients (Thomas, 2015). Whereas management involves planning, implementation and organization of the staff members in order to achieve the objectives, in terms of patient care and organizational profit. In order to lead, a competent nurse should be able to develop three important competencies - 1. Diagnosis, the ability to understand the situation 2. Adapt, foster changes or adapt according to the changes as per the client or the organizational needs. 3. Communicate, a nurse leader should be able to communicate efficiently with doctors, patients and the families in order to take important decisions and cater to patient advocacy (Weiss Tappen, 2014). Mostly a nurse leader also has to play the role of a nurse manager working alongside with the doctors or even as a member of a multidisciplinary team. Efficient nurses not only ensure a safe and comprehensive care to the patient but also look after the integrity and dignity of the patient by maintaining the privacy and the confidentiality (Cherry Jacob, 2016). Decision making skill, critical thinking and problem solving capacity are few of the important criteria of leadership and managements in nursing (Weiss Tappen, 2014). The nurses acquire knowledge and skills of critical thinking and problem solving from the integrated theory and develop the practical skills from the experiences of the health care professionals. A professional portfolio is a reflective component and hence should contain all the theories that have been made to practice and this helps the student to prevent the reality shock faced by many of the nursing students that moves in to practice after the academic career. Management or the leadership skills in a nurse can be identified from the course of activities provided in the portfolio that helps the nurse educator to assess the nursing leadership potential in each student (Weiss Tappen, 2014). Professional standards During my first placement of clinical practice, I was assigned to work as a caregiver to Mr. Stephen (84 years), was suffering from low to moderate dementia. I was working under the supervision of my RN and I had the opportunity to interact with Mr. Stephen. As per the clinical handover, I came to know that Mr. Stephen is retired personnel and has been suffering from clinical depression after his retirement. After having a friendly conversation with him, I realized that he is insecure and generally avoids any kinds of socialization due to his problem of memory loss. Mr Stephen was also not happy with the ongoing treatment. I also noticed that Mr. Stephen was suffering from mild tremors and was having difficulty in performing the activities of daily life. As a responsible nurse, I assisted Mr. Stephen in doing simple tasks and encouraged him to perform activities of daily life himself. Before applying the medications I checked his vital signs and cross checked the medications as well as any side effects due to the medications. During a one- on- one talk with him, I could interpret that Mr. Stephens remains happy as long as there is someone to talk with him or he is busy with some constructive work. I took him to take a round of the ward so that he could meet people like him and feel better. I got a feedback from my RN that Mr. Stephen has been more than happy to get my care. While critically discussing a situation, when I was delegated with a clinical placement in the wound care ward by my RN clinical practice partner, I should discuss the standard three of the NMBA nursing standards. According to this standard, The enrolled nurse should consult with the RN while preparing the interventions that will be applied to the patient further the delegated responsibilities should be appropriate with their own scope of practice and within the supervision of the RN present in the ward (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2018). While my own clinical placement in the ward, I was delegated the task of performing care for Mr. Stephen (standard 4). The patient had low to moderate dementia and was not being able to socialize because of his short term memory loss (standard 4). In the ward, along with me, my clinical practice partner RN nurse, the patient and one midwifery personnel was present. My task was to determine the effectiveness of the sanitation and cleanl iness the midwifery personnel was performing and providing the patient with medication so that he is able to perform his activities of daily life and is able to share his thoughts to us (standard 5). While managing the patient and his dementia, I used the complied with the Australian standards related to the Management of Dementia. It included healthcare, emotional care, mental care to the patient affected with dementia, his diet and nutritional care as well as sanitation related care was also a part of this intervention (RCH, 2018). For sanitation, instead of water, I preferred soap solution so that chances of infections can also be restricted (standard 6). After three weeks of continuous medication, sanitation and care management, the outcome was positive for me as the infection of the patient was reduced (standard 7). Further, while discussing the accountability of my own decisions, behaviors, action and responsibilities in this clinical placement, I should mention that I was able to comply with the standards of the Dementia Management (RCH, 2018). According to Elfassy et al., (2015), it is an important aspect of care as in maximum situations, infection spreads to internal organs of the body, from the personal hygiene related infection. Therefore, this determined that I was able to deliver the task assigned to me responsibly and my behavior towards my work was positive that led me achieve positive results at the end. However, in case of actions, I was unable to completely comply with the NMBA standard three which states that the nursing professional should promote their as well as the patients safety in each aspect of the nursing practice. Further I did not created a plan of care and applied interventions as per the state of wound (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2018). Therefore, I was unable to comply with the guidelines properly and hence my actions violated the action related ethics of nursing practice (standard 5). However, within my nursing scope of practice I was able to comply with the accountability of the tasks I performed as I discussed all these actions with my RN clinical practice partner, who further evaluated my skills. Professional membership One of the peak professional associations for the nurses is the Australian college of nursing that specializes in primary care nursing. The members of this organization develop a professional community that is passionate about their work. The organization promises to provide a wide range of opportunities that helps the student nurses to advance their career. ACN membership is open to ENs, RN and the midwives who are registered with the AHPRA and those who are undertaking diploma and undergraduate courses in nursing and the midwifery studies ("Australian College of Nursing", 2018) The ACN membership would help the nursing students to shape up the scopes and skills in nursing. ACN members would not only help a nurse to progress career but will also help to gain self satisfaction among the nurse students. Being a part of ACN would help a nurse to come across the ACN's national community of the nurses and practitioners ("Australian College of Nursing", 2018). It would help a nurse to remain up to date with the recent advancement of the nursing profession. The scopes and the skills of practice can be expanded by discounts allowed in the various CPD courses and graduate certificates.The scope of career in ACN involves, nurses, nurses educators, clinical advisors, practice nurses, clinical midwife, clinical, registered nurses, army nursing officers and many more. References Australian College of Nursing. (2018). Australian College of Nursing. Retrieved 18 March 2018, from https://www.acn.edu.au/ Chamblee, T. B., Dale, J. C., Drews, B., Spahis, J., Hardin, T. (2015). Implementation of a professional portfolio: A tool to demonstrate professional development for advanced practice. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 29(1), 113-117. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.06.00 Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R. (2016). Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, management. Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=vzzdCwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Cherry,+B.,+%26+Jacob,+S.+R.+(2016).+Contemporary+nursing:+Issues,+trends,+%26+management.+Elsevier+Health+Sciences.ots=mNrd6mzqmrsig=MVvf-JRX-asdO6EyfcSiuBUSsUQ#v=onepageqf=false DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Ciliska, D. (2014). Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=bHqjBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR29dq=DiCenso,+A.,+Guyatt,+G.,+%26+Ciliska,+D.+(2014).+Evidence-Based+Nursing-E-Book:+A+Guide+to+Clinical+Practice.+Elsevier+Health+Sciences.ots=M3HkLeBiQMsig=kAm7qJpSNBR1hFhm_JPppR-x8a8#v=onepageqf=false Elfassy, S., Kassam, Z., Amin, F., Khan, K. J., Haider, S., Armstrong, D. (2015). Epidemiology and risk factors for bloodstream infections in a home parenteral nutrition program.Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,39(2), 147-153. Haber, J., Singh, M. D. (2014). Legal and ethical issues. Nursing Research in Canada-E-Book: Methods, Critical Appraisal, and Utilization, 112. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=Z1_fCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA112dq=Haber,+J.,+%26+Singh,+M.+D.+(2014).+Legal+and+ethical+issues.+Nursing+Research+in+Canada-E-Book:+Methods,+Critical+Appraisal,+and+Utilization,+112ots=Ykg-LxiRQPsig=feRXhgyHKmCMIEjj8ARJZ50Leno#v=onepageqf=false Hill, T. L. (2012). The portfolio as a summative assessment for the nursing student. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 7(4), 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2012.06.005 Judkins-Cohn, T. M., Kielwasser-Withrow, K., Owen, M., Ward, J. (2013). Ethical principles of informed consent: Exploring nurses dual role of care provider and researcher. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 45(1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20131223-03 Kearney-Nunnery, R. (2015). Advancing Your Career Concepts in Professional Nursing. FA Davis. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=5xiQCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP2dq=Kearney-Nunnery,+R.+(2015).+Advancing+Your+Career+Concepts+in+Professional+Nursing.+FA+Davis.ots=wdAb0OsdOqsig=bWDx-gAKQ2MXd6n1HV6J5iiMui4#v=onepageq=Kearney-Nunnery%2C%20R.%20(2015).%20Advancing%20Your%20Career%20Concepts%20in%20Professional%20Nursing.%20FA%20Davis.f=false Masters, K. (2015). Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5as_ylo=2012as_yhi=2017q=Masters%2C+K.+%282015%29.+Role+development+in+professional+nursing+practice.+Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers.btnG= McMullan, M., Endacott, R., Gray, M. A., Jasper, M., Miller, C. M., Scholes, J., Webb, C. (2011). Portfolios and assessment of competence: a review of the literature. Journal of advanced nursing, 41(3), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20131223-03 Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. (2018). Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 18 March 2018, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx RCH. (2018).Policies and Procedures : Central Venous Access Device Management.Rch.org.au. Retrieved 19 March 2018, from https://www.rch.org.au/policy/public/Central_Venous_Access_Device_Management/ Reed, S. (2015). Successful professional portfolios for nursing students. Learning Matters. Sulzen, J., Young, M. F., Hannafin, R. (2013, March). Reliability and validity of an ecologically-grounded student teacher electronic portfolio rubric. In Society for Information Technology Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 153-159). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Thomas, T. (2015). Management and leadership for nurse administrators. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Timmins, F., Dunne, P. J. (2012). An exploration of the current use and benefit of nursing student portfolios. Nurse Education Today, 29(3), 330-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2012.12.010 Weiss, S. A., Tappen, R. M. (2014). Essentials of nursing leadership and management. FA Davis. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=EIEsBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR1dq=Weiss,+S.+A.,+%26+Tappen,+R.+M.+(2014).+Essentials+of+nursing+leadership+and+management.+FA+Davis.ots=O5evvmLSswsig=FeP-K0A9ncmb9UXgIJ3D1QdEyFE#v=onepageq=Weiss%2C%20S.%20A.%2C%20%26%20Tappen%2C%20R.%20M.%20(2014).%20Essentials%20of%20nursing%20leadership%20and%20management.%20FA%20Davis.f=false